In the 1400s, Leonardo da Vinci conceptualized a complex mechanical robot clad in a suit of armor, capable of sitting, standing, and independently moving its arms. Model of Leonardo's robot with inner workings. Another automaton he created was used for hand washing to refill a basin with water after being drained. He created a waitress robot that would dispense drinks from a liquid reservoir and appear out of an automatic door to serve them. In the 13th century, a Muslim engineer named Ismail al-Jazari designed various humanoid automata.
It was capable of walking, singing, and moving all parts of its body. The robot was primarily constructed of leather and wood. The text includes mention of an engineer named Yan Shi who created a life-size, human-like robot for the fifth king of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty, King Mu. In the 3rd century BCE, a Taoist philosophical text called the Liezi, written by Chinese philosopher Lie Yukou, detailed the idea of a humanoid automaton. Another Greek myth details how Hephaestus crafted a giant bronze automaton named Talos to protect the island of Crete from invaders. In Homer's Iliad, Hephaestus created golden handmaidens and imbued them with human-like voices to serve as speaking tools or instruments. The Greek god of blacksmiths, Hephaestus, created several different humanoid automata in various myths.
Physical prototypes of humanoid automata were later created in the Middle East, Italy, Japan, and France. Some of the earliest accounts of the idea of humanoid automata date to the 4th century BCE in Greek mythologies and various religious and philosophical texts from China.
The concept of a humanoid robot originated in many different cultures around the world.
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